Otheguy, R. and N. Stern. (2010, Nov.) On So-called Spanglish. CUNY.
We shouldn't use the term "Spanglish" because it robs North American Hispanics of the feeling of having their own language. What they have is a North American version of Spanish, and is a complete language.
Rosa Maria Jimenez, “SPANGLISH”: THE LANGUAGE OF CHICANOS. UC Davis.
Code-switching gives us a feeling of control over two worlds which we are caught between, to some extent, not fully accepted in the US, no longer completely Mexican either.
Code-switching takes skill; you can't just jumble the languages together. Certain combinations sound definitely wrong. Though code-switchers cannot verbalize the rules necessarily, they know the rules, because they can tell you which combinations are wrong.
"I must clarify that code-switchers usually are individuals who learn English out of necessity and not by choice. According to Valdés-Fallis, people who master a second language in an academic setting choose to become bilingual, but rarely will they code-switch. Social, cultural, and political purpose are essential to Spanglish. In general, non-Latino bilinguals will interact in either Spanish or English for different situations. In contrast, “natural” bilingualism will occur at those times when the speakers’ first language will not meet all their communicative needs” (Valdés-Fallis 3)." (Valdés-Fallis, Guadalupe. “Theory and Practice: Code-switching and the Classroom Teacher.” Language in Education. Virginia: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1978.)
Spanglish (Wikipedia)
Salvador Tio, Puerto Rican linguist, was credited with naming "Spanglish"...Tio does not have a Wikipedia page yet.
Spanglish is common in the following places: Panama, Belize, Texas/Mexico, California/Mexico, Arizona, Oregon, New York (Nuyorican), Florida (Cuban/English), Atlanta, New Jersey, Chicago, Gibraltar.
Spanglish the movie
Calo, a special language
Llanito, spoken in Gibraltar
